Raspberry Pi mit HDD (von NULL an) einrichten

1. SD-Karte beschreiben:

        dd if=/home/hss/Downloads/2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1M

• Anmerkung: Partition /dev/mmcblk0p1 dient als "BIOS" für den RasPi

  Daher kann der RasPi nicht ohne diese booten

2. Die SD-Karte am Laptop mounten, danach:

In der ersten Partition:

SSH automatisch starten

        touch /media/hss/boot/ssh

Timeout für USB-Laufwerke verlängern

        echo program_usb_timeout=1 | sudo tee -a /media/hss/boot/config.txt

von USB-Laufwerk booten

        echo program_usb_boot_mode=1 | sudo tee -a /media/hss/boot/config.txt

USB-Strombegrenzung aufheben

        echo max_usb_current=1 | sudo tee -a /media/hss/boot/config.txt

3. Netzwerk konfigurieren:

Statische IP-Adresse:

        echo "interface eth0" | sudo tee -a /media/hss/rootfs/etc/dhcpcd.conf
        echo "static ip_address=192.168.151.100/24" | sudo tee -a /media/hss/rootfs/etc/dhcpcd.conf
        echo "static routers=192.168.151.1" | sudo tee -a /media/hss/rootfs/etc/dhcpcd.conf
        echo "static domain_name_servers=1.0.0.1 1.1.1.1" | sudo tee -a /media/hss/rootfs/etc/dhcpcd.conf

4. SD-Karte auswerfen und im RasPi booten

Nutzer "hss" anlegen und "pi" löschen

        adduser hss
        sed -i 's/:pi/:pi,hss/g' /etc/group
        cp /etc/sudoers.d/010_pi-nopasswd /etc/sudoers.d/010_hss-nopasswd
        sed -i 's/pi/hss/g' /etc/sudoers.d/010_hss-nopasswd
        exit
        exit
        ssh -l hss 192.168.151.100
        sudo -s
        deluser --remove-home pi

System-Upgrade

        apt-get update
        apt-get -y upgrade
        apt-get -y dist-upgrade

Hostnamen ändern

Trick:

        $'\t'   ein <Tab>
        $'\t\t' zwei <Tab>s
        usw.

        sed -i 's/raspberrypi/pi3.lan.suhle.de pi3/g' /etc/hosts
        hostname -b pi3.lan.suhle.de
        raspi-config --> System Options --> Hostname --> pi3.lan.suhle.de

        echo " " | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.200$'\t\t'nas.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'nas | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.222$'\t\t'tv.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'tv | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.252$'\t\t'fhem.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'fhem | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.253$'\t\t'fhem2.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'fhem2 | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.254$'\t\t'pi.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'pi | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.1$'\t\t'firewall.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'firewall | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.150.2$'\t\t'fritz2.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'fritz2 | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.151.1$'\t\t'fritz.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'fritz | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.151.100$'\t\t'pi3.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'pi3 | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.151.100$'\t\t'www.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'www | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
        echo 192.168.151.100$'\t\t'wiki.lan.suhle.de$'\t\t'wiki | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

5. RasPi-System auf die USB-HDD bringen und nutzen

• Raspberry Pi herunterfahren
• SD-Karte entnehmen und in das Laptop stecken
• USB-HDD am Laptop anschließen
• Partition /dev/mmcblk0p1 mounten (/media/hss/boot)

        cp /media/hss/boot/cmdline.txt /media/hss/boot/cmdline.txt.orig

Mit Hilfe von blkid die PARTUUID der HDD-Partition herausfinden:

        /dev/sdb1: UUID="87e21227-3ae5-4767-b332-cea4fdc05a1c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="8b209fef-01"

Die PARTUUID der HDD muss in die /boot/cmdline.txt UND in die /rootfs/etc/fstab

Zum Beispiel:

        root@hss-laptop:~# cat /media/hss/boot/cmdline.txt
        console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=8b209fef-01 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait


        root@hss-laptop:~# cat /rootfs/etc/fstab 
        proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
        PARTUUID=6fa317b9-01    /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
        PARTUUID=8b209fef-01    /               ext4    defaults,noatime        0       1

Dateien auf die USB-HDD schieben:

        rsync -axv /media/hss/rootfs/* /media/hss/(sdb1)

6. SD-Karte und USB-HDD an den RasPi anschließen und booten

7. Mount Point für Daten-Partition erstellen:

        mkdir /home/usb
        mount /dev/sda3 /home/usb
        chown root:users /home/usb
        chmod 775 /home/usb/

In der /etc/fstab den Eintrag dafür erstellen! Zum Beispiel:

        PARTUUID=8b209fef-03    /home/usb       ext4    defaults        0       0

8. Software installieren

        apt-get update
        apt-get install mc vim dnsutils recode
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/home/hss/scripts /home/hss/

9. ssh-Keys wiederherstellen

        mv /etc/ssh /etc/ssh.orig
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/etc/ssh /etc/
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/root/.ssh /root/
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/home/hss/.ssh /home/hss/

10. Apache, MySQL, PHP installieren

Apache2

        apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php php php-mysql mariadb-server libapache2-mod-wsgi
        mv /var/www/ /var/www.orig
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/var/www /var/
        mv /etc/apache2/ /etc/apache2.orig
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/etc/apache2 /etc/
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/etc/letsencrypt /etc/

certbot/letsencrypt

        apt-get install snapd
        snap install core
        snap refresh core
        apt-get remove certbot
        snap install --classic certbot
        ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot
        certbot --apache
        certbot renew --dry-run

phpmyadmin

        apt-get install phpmyadmin
        touch /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo "<Files '*'>" > /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo $'\t'"<RequireAny>" >> /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo $'\t\t'"Require ip 192.168.151.254" >> /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo $'\t\t'"Require all denied"  >> /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo $'\t'"</RequireAny>" >> /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
        echo "</Files>" >> /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess

11. Crontab wiederherstellen

        mv /etc/crontab /etc/crontab.orig
        rsync -av /home/usb/snapshots_pi3/daily.0/localhost/etc/crontab /etc/

12. Syslog-Überschwemmung stoppen

        echo 'if $programname == "systemd" and ($msg contains "Starting Session" or $msg contains "Started Session" or \ 
        $msg contains "Created slice" or $msg contains "Starting user-" or $msg contains "Starting User Slice of" or $msg contains \ 
        "Removed session" or $msg contains "Removed slice User Slice of" or $msg contains "Stopping User Slice of" or $msg contains \ 
        ".scope: Succeeded.") then stop' >/etc/rsyslog.d/ignore-systemd-session-slice.conf
        systemctl restart rsyslog

13. Postfix installieren

Anmerkung: GanzGeheimesPasswort ersetzen!

        apt-get install postfix libsasl2-modules bsd-mailx
        # "Internet mit Smarthost"
        echo relayhost = smtp.1und1.de | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/main.cf
        echo smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/main.cf
        echo smtp_sasl_password_maps =  hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/main.cf
        echo smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/main.cf
        echo sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/main.cf

        touch /etc/postfix/sasl_password
        echo smtp.1und1.de hss@suhle.de:GanzGeheimesPasswort | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/sasl_password
        chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_password 
        postmap hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password 

        touch /etc/postfix/sender_canonical
        echo hss hss@suhle.de | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/sender_canonical
        echo root hss@suhle.de  | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/sender_canonical
        echo www-data hss@suhle.de | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/sender_canonical
        postmap /etc/postfix/sender_canonical

        echo hss@suhle.de > /root/.forward
        echo hss@suhle.de > /home/hss/.forward
        chown hss:hss /home/hss/.forward

        systemctl restart postfix.service

        echo "Dies ist ein Testmail" | mail -s "Testbetreff" hss@suhle.de

14. Unattended Upgrades einrichten

        apt-get install unattended-upgrades

        touch /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades
        echo "Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern {" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades
        echo "\"origin=Raspbian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Raspbian\";" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades
        echo "\"origin=Raspberry Pi Foundation,codename=${distro_codename},label=Raspberry Pi Foundation\";" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades
        echo "};" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades
        echo "Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot True;" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/52unattended-upgrades

        dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades